Гідродинамічна небезпека – шляхи з її упередження

Abstract

У статті наведено приклади аварій на гідротехнічних спорудах світу, обґрунтовано заходи щодо забезпечення гідродинамічної безпеки. Висвітлено напрями, методологічні підходи до забезпечення безпеки гідротехнічних споруд, на етапах проектування, будівництва, експлуатації, моніторингових досліджень. Наведено результати наукових досліджень з підвищення надійності гідротехнічних споруд, вирішення цієї проблеми в перспективі.

The reasons, examples and consequences of the accidens in the world hydrotechnical amenities are discussed in the article. The following analysis had been made: the analysis of the anthropogenic accident in the Steblikiv chemical complex in 1983 and the role of the Dnister storage pond in the overcoming of itsconsequences; the analysis of the extreme ecological situation, the reason of its appearance and damages caused by the high wate in summer of 2008 in the Dnister river basin. Using the results of anthropogenic and natural influences there were took up the questions as to the decision the above problems in Ukraine by the estimation of influences on the environment during all stages of the invest process when designing, construction and operation of hydrotechnical amenities. The time worsening of the anthropogenic condition of the hydrotechnical amenities of the Dnister storage ponds series is estimated. The results of the scientific developments as to the Kahovsk storage pond methods of dyke power bias amplification are elucidated as well as the results of the Dniper storage ponds abrasive banks strengthening using the implementation of inflows from the local light soils and hydromechanization means. Perspective directions for the problem to be investigated and provided by the Nationwide Destination Program of the waterways industry development and the Dniper river basin improvement developed in 2011 were considered.