Вибрані аспекти забезпечення хіммотологічної надійності техніки

Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/38195

Колективна монографія англійською мовою. Містить наукові статті, присвячені проблемам хіммотології. The Monograph selectively represents the Aspects of providing the Chemmotological Reliability of the Transport through the investigation of the Quality Parameters of Fuel and Lubricants. Is devoted to the Modern Problems of of Rational use of Traditional and Alternative Fuels,Lubricants and other operational materials during exploitation of Transport. Transport sector is an important component of the economy that have an impact on the development and prosperity of the population. Rational use of fuels and lubricants, energy efficiency, environmental safety are included into the list of the most important problems of the modern world. Solving these problems determines in a great manner the sustainable development of the world economy and keeping comfort conditions for human being. Efficiency, reliability of operation of vehicles, rational use of operational materials depend on their correct selection. According to its quality operational materials must conform to both the model and operating conditions of vehicles. The use of poor quality materials leads to a decrease in the durability and reliability of machinery and machine parts; the use of materials of higher quality than required causes unreasonable increase in costs. The knowledge of machinery suggest not only the knowledge of construction, kinematic, dynamic, and temperature characteristics but also physico-chemical properties of constituent materials that are necessary for analyzing and forecasting of physico-chemical processes during use of a Fuels or a Lubricants. Thus, the efficiency and reliability of vehicles operation depends not only on their structural characteristics, but also on the optimal selection of Fuels and Lubricants, Technical Liquids and other Operational Materials. Work professional activity of specialists dedicated to petroleum refinery, organizing of storage, transportation and distribution of products, assurance of correspondence between the properties of Fuels, Lubricants, Technical liquids and the conditions of operation of technology and engines aimed at obtaining maximum technical, economical, ecological and social effects is called usage of Fuels, Lubricants and Technical liquids. To know Fuels, Lubricants and Technical liquids is to clearly understand the interconnection of quality parameters with physico-chemical and energy processes, occurring in the process of their use under specific conditions, and also the connection with their chemical and group composition. The knowledge of technology suggest not only the knowledge of construction, kinematic, dynamic, and temperature characteristics but also physico-chemical properties of constituent materials that are necessary for analyzing and forecasting of physico-chemical processes during use of a Fuel or a Lubricant. The study of the essence, regularity (tendens) and connections of phenomena and the processes of use of Fuels, Lubricants, Technical liquids in Aviation Technology with the help of special methodological tools is the base of Aviation Chemmotology. Aviation Chemmotology is a part of Chemmotology that studies and solves the problems of ensuring the necessary quality and application requirements of Fuels and Lubricants used in Aviation Technology. Chemmotological reliability is a reliability of technology depending on the Quality of Fuels and Lubricants (the ability of technology to maintain good reliability when operated with Fuels and Lubricants grades that are of a economically reasonable quality level). This monograph as an intergative scientific work of many scholars is a striking example of the representation of these aspects and really illustrates the modern consolidated work of scientists and practitioners, trends in the development of scientific schools of different universities, different countries and science in general. Because, as is know, science does not have borders. Scientific achievements are global civilizational heritage. Key words: chemmotology, reliability, quality, fuels, lubricants, engineering, engines, aviation, ecology

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Автори монографії: Sergii Boichenko, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2489-4980, National Aviation University Olexander Aksionov, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9393-6881 Professor, D.Sc. in Eng., Corresponding Member of NAS of Ukraine Petro Topilnytskyi, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7770-2567, National University "Lvivska Polytechnica" Andrii Pushak, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1870-6936 Director General of the Company “Fuel and Alternative Technologies” Kazimierz Lejda https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5889-4006, Rzeszow University of Technology

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Now showing 1 - 20 of 26

Evaluation of jet engine operation parameters using conventional and alternative jet fuels
(2019) Yakovlieva, Anna; Boichenko, Sergii; Lejda, Kazimierz
Jet engine operation parameters using conventional and alternative jet fuels, obtained by blending with plant oil bio-additives, during bench tests were evaluated. Jet fuels were tested and compared in conditions of engine operation. It was determined that using alternative jet fuels improves jet engine thrust characteristics and reduces fuel flow. These provide more energy efficient operation of jet engine. Using alternative jet fuels results in reduction of gas temperature in the jet pipe. This contributes to durability of materials and structure of the engine against high temperature, as well as reducing of NOx emissions. The results of the study show that operational parameters of the jet engine powered with new alternative jet fuels completely satisfy exploitation norms set in specification for tested engine. Alternative jet fuels, proposed in the study, may be used as a working body of the jet engine without a need of making changes in its design.
Selected aspects of providing the chemmotological reliability of the engineering
(2019-05) Boichenko, Sergii; Aksionov, Olexander; Topilnytskyi, Petro; Pushak, Andrii; Lejda, Kazimierz
Transport sector is an important component of the economy that have an impact on the development and prosperity of the population. Rational use of fuels and lubricants, energy efficiency, environmental safety are included into the list of the most important problems of the modern world. Solving these problems determines in a great manner the sustainable development of the world economy and keeping comfort conditions for human being. Efficiency, reliability of operation of vehicles, rational use of operational materials depend on their correct selection. According to its quality operational materials must conform to both the model and operating conditions of vehicles. The use of poor quality materials leads to a decrease in the durability and reliability of machinery and machine parts; the use of materials of higher quality than required causes unreasonable increase in costs. The knowledge of machinery suggest not only the knowledge of construction, kinematic, dynamic, and temperature characteristics but also physico-chemical properties of constituent materials that are necessary for analyzing and forecasting of physico-chemical processes during use of a Fuels or a Lubricants. Thus, the efficiency and reliability of vehicles operation depends not only on their structural characteristics, but also on the optimal selection of Fuels and Lubricants, Technical Liquids and other Operational Materials. Work professional activity of specialists dedicated to petroleum refinery, organizing of storage, transportation and distribution of products, assurance of correspondence between the properties of Fuels, Lubricants, Technical liquids and the conditions of operation of technology and engines aimed at obtaining maximum technical, economical, ecological and social effects is called usage of Fuels, Lubricants and Technical liquids. To know Fuels, Lubricants and Technical liquids is to clearly understand the interconnection of quality parameters with physico-chemical and energy processes, occurring in the process of their use under specific conditions, and also the connection with their chemical and group composition. The knowledge of technology suggest not only the knowledge of construction, kinematic, dynamic, and temperature characteristics but also physico-chemical properties of constituent materials that are necessary for analyzing and forecasting of physico-chemical processes during use of a Fuel or a Lubricant. The study of the essence, regularity (tendens) and connections of phenomena and the processes of use of Fuels, Lubricants, Technical liquids in Aviation Technology with the help of special methodological tools is the base of Aviation Chemmotology. Aviation Chemmotology is a part of Chemmotology that studies and solves the problems of ensuring the necessary quality and application requirements of Fuels and Lubricants used in Aviation Technology. Chemmotological reliability is a reliability of technology depending on the Quality of Fuels and Lubricants (the ability of technology to maintain good reliability when operated with Fuels and Lubricants grades that are of a economically reasonable quality level). This monograph as an intergative scientific work of many scholars is a striking example of the representation of these aspects and really illustrates the modern consolidated work of scientists and practitioners, trends in the development of scientific schools of different universities, different countries and science in general. Because, as is know, science does not have borders. Scientific achievements are global civilizational heritage.
Means of quality control of biofuels, their production and combustion
(National Aviation University, 2019) Zaporozhets, Artur; Ivanov, Serhii; Serhiienko, Roman
A device for measuring the heat capacity and heat of evaporation of moisture and organic liquids from inhomogeneous materials is presented, which implements the method of synchronous thermal analysis. The installation design and methods used in the study of biofuel samples are considered. The methods of calibration of calorimetric platforms using a reference transducer of heat flow are given. Methods and technical means for calorimetric analysis of the calorific value of biofuels are presented. A quasidifferential bomb calorimeter for measuring the specific heat of combustion of fuel samples is proposed, its structure, model, and technical characteristics are considered. A system for monitoring the quality of the combustion process in fuel systems, which is based on the change in the rotational speed of the blower fan according to the oxygen sensor signals, is proposed.
The influence of oxygen concentration on the fire safety of aircrafts fuel systems
(National Aviation University, 2019) Yefymenko, Valeriy; Kravchuk, Tetiana; Kovshun, Lidiya; Atamanenko, Natalya
The aim of the work is to provide fire-explosion safety and to improve performance indicators of the jet fuels quality. The object of the study is the processes of air (oxygen) dissolving in fuels, determination of its concentration in the above fuel space of fuel tanks and creation of safe to ignite fuel-air mixtures. This problem is relevant due to the need to ensure the chemmotological reliability of aircrafts fuel systems. The subject of the study is fire-explosion safety of jet fuels RT (Jet A-1) and its connection with the presence of dissolved gases and gases in the above fuel space in fuel tanks. It has been determined the temperature limits of the formation of combustible fuel-air mixtures depending on the aircraft's flight altitude, temperature and changes in oxygen concentration in the abovefuel space.
Evaluation of fuel consumption and harmful substances emissions by vehicle with spark ignition engine under operation conditions with using of fuel containing ethanol
(National Aviation University, 2019) Tsiuman, Mykola
Increasing of fuel economy and reducing of harmful emissions of vehicles are actual for achieving a high level of transport environmental safety and sustainable development. The purpose of the study is an evaluation of vehicle fuel consumption and harmful emissions with a spark ignition engine equipped a fuel injection and exhaust gases cleaning systems, using a fuel containing ethanol more than 20 %. It is based on the vehicle motion parameters under real route conditions. Further research will be aimed to analysis of vehicle performance impairment causes and determination of their improvement methods when using fuels containing ethanol.
Influence of electromagnetic treatment of fuels and oils on the formation of wear resistance of friction pairs
(National Aviation University, 2019) Trofymov, Igor; Svyryd, Mykhailo; Matveyeva, Olena; Sydorenko, Oleksandr
This article discusses the effect of electromagnetic processing of fuels and oils on the formation of wear resistance of friction pairs and presents the results of some of our research in this area. The main goal of the research was to improve the performance properties of fuels by electrophysical treatment, which occurred when they were passed through an electromagnetic field and to study the effect of the influence of a magnetic field on the change in the energy state of lubricants. In the work, a complex was used to study the tribological characteristics of fuels and lubricants, which allows you to take photographs and video images of surfaces in a dynamic mode. The presented method of treating fuels with an electromagnetic field makes it possible to acheivean improvement in their anti-wear properties, a decrease in the friction coefficient, and a more uniform and dense oxide films on the friction surfaces. The research results can be applied in the field of mechanical engineering to increase the reliability of parts of fuel systems, they can be applied by experts by tribologists, chemotmologists, as well as experts in the field of operation of fuel and lubricating systems of ground and aviation equipment. Predictive assumptions on the development of the object of study – the continuation of research on the effect of force fields on the antiwear properties of fuels and lubricants, as well as the ability to control and regulate wear parameters by electromagnetic fields.
The problems of formatoin of asphalt-resin-paraffin deposits. Prevention and utilization
(National Aviation University, 2019) Tertyshna, Olena; Zamikula, Kostiantyn; Tertyshnyi, Oleh
The formation and accumulation of asphalt-resin-paraffin deposits (ARPD) leads to pipelines capacity’s reduction, reduces the useful capacity of tanks, reduces the heat exchange equipment efficiency. The actual task is to study the process of ARPD formation for further development of methods for reducing their quantity and ways of processing the organic part of ARPD. The objects of the study are oil, additives of various types, tar and bottom accumulation deposits of the oil storage tank. The purpose of this work is to determine the kinetic parameters of the ARPD formation process depending on the medium temperature and its chemical composition, to study the additives effect on oil’s disperse characteristics, to develop effective visbreaking technology using ARPD as a part of raw material.
Models for assessment of NOx emissions from turbofan engine of aircraft
(National Aviation University, 2019) Synylo, Kateryna
During the last decade a lot of investigations were focused on the evaluation of the impact of aircraft engine emissions on the local and regional air quality in the vicinity of the airport. The aircraft emissions inventory is usually calculated on the basis of certificated emission indices, which are provided by the engine manufacturers and reported in the database of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). The certificated emission indices rely on well-defined measurement procedures and conditions during engine test. Under real circumstances, however, operational (power setting, time-in-mode and fuel flow rate) and meteorological (air temperature, humidity and pressure) conditions may vary from ICAO definition, consequently deviations from the certificated emission indices may occur. The advanced emission model of turbofan engine (TURBOGAS emission model) was developed for the assessment of aircraft engine emissions taking into account the influences of operational and meteorological conditions on emission indices to generate precise aircraft emissions inventories as well as contrails likelihood and lifetime. Both BFFM2 and P3T3 methods have been implemented in the TURBOGAS emission model.
Identification and assessment of biological risk of aviation fuel supply
(National Aviation University, 2019) Shkilniuk, Iryna; Boichenko, Sergii; Kondratiuk, Tetiana; Shevchuk, Nataliia
The work is focused on microbial contamination of refined petroleum products and fuel systems of vehicles and means of operation and storage. A limited amount of oil resources, the introduction of ICAO and IATA standards, satisfaction of safety and operational safety requirements, economic indicators, financial profitability, require the risk-based approach in aviation fuel supply. The risks and consequences of aviation fuels microbiological contamination, impact of it on fuel quality and chemmotological reliability of the aviation engineering, have been identified, evaluated and systematized during research.
Modification of diesel fuel composition with methyl esters of fatty acids from non-edible fats
(National Aviation University, 2019) Shevchenko, Elena; Kameneva, Valeriia; Shkekina, Alyona
The state of the art of producing fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) from non-edible fats and oils has been reviewed. Evaluation of the resource base in Ukraine is given. The possibility of processing is substantiated. The advantages and disadvantages of fat-containing raw materials are described. The physicochemical and operational properties of FAME from non-edible fats and oils have been investigated. The properties that limit the amount of the alternative component in diesel fuel have been discussed on the basis of the fatty acid composition of the alternative component, its oxidation stability, viscosity-temperature characteristics and low-temperature properties. Additives that improve the low-temperature and antioxidant properties of mixtures of FAME with oil supplements are selected. The possible increase in the concentration of FAME in mixed fuels up to 30 % has been assumed.
Formation of copper (II) coordination compounds under the friction process and their impact on the tribotechnical characteristics of the lubricating compositions
(National Aviation University, 2019) Ranskiy, Anatoliy; Gordienko, Olga; Titov, Taras; Didenko, Natalia
It has been investigated the tribochemical system «bronze BrAZ 9-4 – organic additive – oil I-20A – steel 45» in which due to mechanical activation of metal particles of the surfaces of friction pair the copper(II) coordination compounds have been created. These complexes provide high antiwear and antifriction properties of the lubricating compositions. The sequential complication of lubricating compositions by adding organic solvents, thioamide ligands and metal chelates of copper(II) based on them to base oil I-20A allowed to establish an order of anti-wear activity of additives to industrial I-20A oil and investigate the influence of each of the factors on tribotechnical characteristics in friction pair «bronze BrAZ 9-4 – steel 45». Based on the obtained results, it is concluded that improvement of the operational characteristics of lubricating compositions is determined by the formation of copper(II) coordination compounds during the tribochemical reactions.
Polymer modified bitumen
(National Aviation University, 2019) Pyshyev, Serhiy; Gunka, Volodymyr; Prysiazhnyi, Yuriy
The reasons for bitumen modification were analysed since bitumen is a main binder used at road coatings construction, including airports and airdromes. The main ways of bitumen modification by polymers were examined. Positive and negative aspects of the usage of different polymer modifiers (elastomers, thermoplastic elastomers, reactive polymers, thermoplastics) were analysed. Author’s main achievements are described in the sphere of bitumen modification by polymeric compounds produced at by-product-coke plants: coumarone-indene and phenol-cresol-formaldehyde resins.
Aviation industry of XXI century: development and necessity or serious threats for natural ecosystems
(National Aviation University, 2019) Novakovska, Iryna; Belousova, Natalia; Ishchenko, Natalia; Skrypnyk, Liliia; Frolov, Valerii
At current stage scientific and technological progress, aviation industry is characterized of new equipment, creation of powerful engines, updating fleet of aircraft, as well as designing new types. But, for today, aviation transport remains a large source of harmful factors for the environment. Therefore, the current situation leads to the necessary, development and implementation of a comprehensive environmental safety program in aviation transport. Now it's an indisputable fact that an alternative fuel option is a technically robust solution that will not require changes to the aircraft or the delivery of other fuels. A striking example of the global experience in making effective environmental decisions is the creation of so-called "green zones" inside and outside to the airport.
Statistical methods in virtualization
(National Aviation University, 2019) Moiseev, Alexandr; Grishin, Nikolay; Oreshencov, Alexandr
The importance of virtualization tools for solving the problems of identification of statistical models based by the results of qualification tests is shown. During identification abnormality of distributions of measurements error of mineral oil characteristics was established. For construction of algorithms of processing of measurements a number of alternative approximations is synthesized. To assess the reproducibility of the virtual qualification results, the distribution of Cochrane statistics and Grubbs statistics is constructed. Parameterization of the criterion model is proposed based on the results of predicting the effect in extreme conditions. The choice of conditions is proposed to be carried out by the method of successive approximations in the framework of factor analysis. The importance of virtualization tools for solving the problems of identification of statistical models based by the results of qualification tests is shown.
Methods virtualization in chemmotology researches
(National Aviation University, 2019) Moiseev, Alexandr; Oreshencov, Alexandr; Grishin, Nikolay
Virtualization in chemmotology allows to carry out extrapolation of laboratory results on regular conditions of operation, and also return recalculation of these conditions in adequate parameters of qualifying experiment. Efficiency virtualization is shown on examples of optimization of mathematical models, perfection of qualifying experiments and forecasting of their results.
Chemmotological, tribotechnical and rheological properties of boundary lubricating layers used in evaluation of operation reliability of tribosystems
(National Aviation University, 2019) Mikosianchyk, Оksana; Mnatsakanov, Rudolf; Kichata, Nataliia
The processes of physicochemical interaction of еру components of lubricating materials with friction surface layers of metal are analyzed; models that take into account the rheological properties of lubricants that facilitate the discovery of mechanisms for the formation of boundary films of a lubricant in tribotechnical contact are considered. The aim of the studies is to determine the dependence of the kinetics of the coefficient of friction on the lubricating and rheological properties of the boundary films. The regularities of the change in the antifriction properties of the contact from the strength characteristics of the boundary films are determined experimentally. The mechanisms responsible for the increase in the adhesion component of the coefficient of friction when the continuity of the lubricating layer is disturbed or its decrease during melting of the solid-crystalline lubricating layer are considered.
Estimation of radiocapacity and reliability of water ecosystems
(National Aviation University, 2019) Kutlakhmedov, Yuri; Matvieieva, Iryna; Iavniuk, Andrian; Groza, Valentyna; Burlakova, Iryna
Paper deals with the investigation of the water bodies radionuclides contamination. The research is focused on the Dnipro water reservoir ecosystems reliability and radiation capacity assessment, as well as radionuclides transfer between the components of aquatic ecosystems within Chernobyl Exclusion Zone. Radiocapacity factor for 137Cs and 90Sr was determined for various reservoirs of Dnipro river. Box models of radionuclides transfer between biotic and abiotic components of the most contaminated lake ecosystems within Chernobyl Exclusion Zone, were built.
Nitrogen oxide and disperse particles emission reduction in diesel engines
(National Aviation University, 2019) Kuharyonok, Georgy; Kapsky, Denis; Berezun, Vitaly
The paper focuses on the directions of the strategy to reduce emissions of NOx and PM. They were assessed by considering options for organizing the workflow taking into account the priority of fuel economy with increasing load, toxic cycle weight factors, engine configuration, as well as the degree of conversion of the exhaust gas cleaning system and average temperature required to achieve the target environmental safety level Exhaust cycle toxicity. The fuel supply parameters and the degree of EGR are determined, which allowed to implement a control algorithm in the electronic block of a diesel engine that ensures the flow of the working process within the limits of the fulfillment of Stage 4 standards according to the RM without the use of particulate filters.
Features of interaction of organic binder and slag filler
(National Aviation University, 2019) Krayushkina, Kateryna; Belyatynsky, Andriy; Khymeryk, Tetiana; Бєлятинський Андрій Олександрович
The article presents the results of studies of the interaction of organic binders with slag materials in asphalt concrete mixtures. It is determined that slag crushed stone treated with a binder is a high-quality material that is widely used for the construction of coatings and bases. The processing of crushed stone with a binder ensures that it is completely covered with a film of a given thickness. The thickness of the film is interrelated with both the viscosity of the binder and the properties of slag rubble. The greater the viscosity of the binder, the thinner the film on the grains. With a decrease in the grain size, the film thickness also decreases, with an increase in the grain roughness, the thickness of the binder film increases. During compaction, coagulation bonds are formed due to the convergence of the grains coated with the binder, which have sufficient strength and high water resistance. Compared with the method of impregnation and displacement on the road, this method saves the binder.
The biomass use to obtain high-purity carbonaceous materials
(National Aviation University, 2019) Kieush, Lina; Fedorov, Serhii; Koveria, Andrii; Sybyr, Artem
The current publication considers the main criteria for biomass utilization instead of combustible fossils for the purpose of obtaining biofuels. The advantages of the biomass in comparison with the traditional non-renewable precursor materials have been shown. The results of the properties of walnut shell studies after conventional pyrolysis at the temperatures from 300 °C to 1000 °C are presented. Additionally, have been highlighted the peculiarities of the oxidative pyrolysis process as the first stage of a two stage technology for the production of high-purity carbonaceous materials from biomass. The possibility of obtaining nanomaterials from the biomass has been established, as instance can serve the hazelnut shell. The obtained results allow implementing the production technology for high-purity carbonaceous materials on an industrial scale.

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