Browsing by Author "Cherniak, Larysa"

Now showing 1 - 16 of 16
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    Assessment of the Impact of the Air Transport Processes on Soil Contamination with Petroleum Products
    (National Aviation University, 2023-04-20) Cherniak, Larysa; Mikhyeyev, Oleksandr; Maniecki, Tomasz; Shtyka, Oleksandr; Petrusenko, Valentyna; Черняк, Лариса Миколаївна; Міхєєв, Олександр Миколайович; Манецький, Томаш; Штика, Олександр; Петрусенко, Валентина Павлівна
    The authors analyze the problem of soil pollution in the territory adjacent to airport Control of the level of soil pollution in the airport area was carried out taking into account meteorological conditions, the topography of the area, as well as the characteristics of the area, where located airline. Obtained results of experimental studies of the soil level pollution of the territory adjacent to the airport indicates the need to develop a system for monitoring the ecological condition of the soils of these territories using modern methods environmental monitoring. One of these methods can be the phytoremediation method of quality restoration soil characteristics.
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    Determination of the dependence of the plant growth characteristics on the concentration of petrochemiscals in the soil
    (Journal of Ecological Engineering, 2021) Cherniak, Larysa; Mikhyeyev, Oleksandr; Madzhd, Svitlana; Lapan, Oksana; Dmytrukha, Tetyana; Petrusenko, Valentyna
    The peculiarities of sanitary and hygienic rationing of the oil products content in environmental components were analyzed. It was established that the general ecological situation in our country and abroad is unsatisfactory and the issue of finding modern methods of standardizing the quality of environmental components, which would cover the indicators and criteria of their composition and properties, is becoming increasingly urgent. Together, it would ensure ecologically sustainable development of the biosphere in all hierarchical levels of its organization. It was established that such an assessment system does not exist today and therefore, there is no generally accepted universal method for assessing the quality of the environmental components. For this purpose, it is necessary to develop a methodology, in particular a method of biotesting, which will provide a generalized qualitative assessment of the ecological state of the environment, without being based on the quantitative characteristics of the MPC. The possibility of applying a new method of phytotesting of soil that was artificially contaminated with different types of petrochemicals in different concentrations per unit volume of soil using flax seedlings (Linum usitatissimum L.) was investigated. The growth characteristics of the test plants grown on artificially contaminated soil with petroleum products were presented. In the course of research, the possibility of studying the effect of petrochemicals on plants directly in artificially contaminated soil was confirmed. On the basis of the analysis of the obtained results, it was found that when the soil is contaminated with oil products, the aviation fuel has a greater impact on the shoots, whereas gasoline and diesel fuel have a lower impact on the roots in lower concentrations. At higher concentrations, their depressant effect is almost equal.
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    Development of the Hydrophytic Structure of the Bioplateau Type for the Purification of Water Bodies From 137Cs
    (Ecologia Balkanica, 2022) Lapan, Oksana; Mikhyeyev, Oleksandr; Madzhd, Svitlana; Cherniak, Larysa; Maksimenko, Olena
    A floating structure of a bioplateau has been developed for the purification of water bodies from the toxic substances, the biotic component of which is terrestrial plants. Chemically inert floating materials were used as a substrate for the construction of the bioplateau: perlite, expanded clay, granular foam, vermiculite, cork. Substrate testing has shown that granular expanded polystyrene is the most optimal for the usage. The study of different options for seed germination in the design of the bioplateau has shown that its placement on the top of the substrate is the best option. The usage of perlite in combination with granular foam had created an additional capillary effect, due to which the seeds germinated at a faster rate. To optimize the hydrophytic structure a grid was used, which made it possible to increase the overall density of the bioplateau. An algorithm for creating a «rolled» plant that is suitable for transportation and placement in the surface water bodies that require purification from toxic substances has been developed. There was done a comparative study of the effectiveness of purification of the aquatic environment from ions of radiocesium bioplate with wheat plants of different varieties. It is confirmed that the efficiency of sorption of 137Cs ions by terrestrial plants is influenced by the nature and concentration of macrocations in the aqueous medium.
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    Development of the hydrophytic structure of the bioplateau type for the purpose of phytoremediation
    (Journal of Radiobiologi and Radiation Safety, 2021) Mikhyeyev, Oleksandr; Lapan, Oksana; Madzhd, Svitlana; Cherniak, Larysa; Dmytrukha, Tetyana
    A floating structure of a bioplateau has been developed for the purification of water bodies from the toxic substances, the biotic component of which is terrestrial plants. Chemically inert floating materials were used as a substrate for the construction of the bioplateau: perlite, expanded clay, granular foam, vermiculite, cork. Substrate testing has shown that granular expanded polystyrene is the most optimal for the usage. The study of different options for seed germination in the design of the bioplateau has shown that its placement on the top of the substrate is the best option. The usage of perlite in combination with granular foam had created an additional capillary effect, due to which the seeds germinated at a faster rate. To optimize the hydrophytic structure a grid was used, which made it possible to increase the overall density of the bioplateau. An algorithm for creating a "rolled" plant that is suitable for transportation and placement in the surface water bodies that require purification from toxic substances has been developed.
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    Environmental pollution in the airport impact area–case study of the Boryspil
    (Environmental Problems, 2020) Radomska, Marharyta; Cherniak, Larysa; Madzhd, Svitlana; Mikhyeyev, Oleksandr
    The paper presents the analysis of soil and phytomass contamination due to the functioning of air transport. The major issues revealed include extremely high level of soil contamination with petroleum products and an increased content of heavy metals both in soil and phytomass. The toxicity testing has demonstrated considerable pathogenic potential of soil from the airport area.
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    Environmental pollution in the airport impact area–case study of the Boryspil international airport
    (Environmental Problems., 2020) Radomska, Margaryta; Madzhd, Svitlana; Cherniak, Larysa; Mikhyeyev, Oleksandr; Радомська, Маргарита; Маджд, Світлана; Черняк, Лариса; Міхєєв, Олександа
    The paper presents the analysis of soil and phytomass contamination due to the functioning of air transport. The major issues revealed include extremely high level of soil contamination with petroleum products and an increased content of heavy metals both in soil and phytomass. The toxicity testing has demonstrated considerable pathogenic potential of soil from the airport area.
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    Fundamentals of Chemmotology
    (National Aviation University, 2019) Boichenko, Sergii; Yakovlieva, Anna; Vovk, Oksana; Radomska, Margaryta; Cherniak, Larysa; Shkilniuk, Iryna
    The manual presents a modern interpretation of Chemmotology science, its role in development of technology and society. It shows that development and promotion of alternative fuels and Chemmotology problems solving are impossible without systematic approach. In addition, having both theoretical part and practical application, Chemmotology science ensures energy and environmental security of the country's economy, rational use of traditional and alternative fuels and lubricants in operation of advanced modern equipment. The manual focuses on the fact that in recent years one of the most important issues has been the ecological constituent of Chemmotology science, which is aimed at ultra-minimization of negative impact of fuel lubricants and technical liquids on ecosystems. It is well-known that transport sector is an important component of the economy that have an impact on the development and prosperity of the population. Efficiency, reliability of operation of transport, rational use of operating materials depends on their correct selection. According to its quality performance materials must conform to both the model and operating conditions of transport means. The use of poor quality fuels and lubricants leads to a decrease in the durability and reliability of machinery and machine parts; the use of materials of higher quality than required causes unreasonable increase in costs. Thus, knowledge of the range of fuels and lubricants, its functional purpose, operational properties allow using them correctly and efficiently. The authors tried to integrate and systematize in the presented manual the knowledge of many experts from different countries to characterize main trends in the development of conventional and alternative fuels and lubricants, its modern assortment and tendencies in development.
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    Modern means of assessing the impact of emergencies on the environmental condition of the ground layer of atmosphere
    (Web of Conferences, 2021) Turevych, Anastasiia; Madzhd, Svitlana; Cherniak, Larysa; Pavlyuk, Anatoliy; Ojeh, Vincent
    The problem of emergencies will not leave humanity as long as it exists, and therefore it is necessary to at least create conditions under which it is possible to reduce the risks of injuries, diseases and deaths of people who are in the emergency zone. This can be achieved by raising awareness of the nature of the emergency, the hazardous substances that are released in connection with it. Theoretical analysis of various remote means of assessing the impact of emergencies of man-made areas on the ecological state of the atmospheric air of the surrounding areas. It has been found that the use of remote sensing equipment greatly simplifies the procedure of operational monitoring of the environment during emergencies, as well as contributes to the health of professionals. A comparison of different remote means of environmental monitoring of air quality was performed: In particular, stationary automatic stations, mobile automatic stations, probes, and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) were compared. It is proposed to use UAVs as remote means of operational monitoring of air quality. The functional scheme of UAV system implementation for the needs of operative ecological monitoring is offered. The legal features of the use of unmanned aerial vehicles as remote means of monitoring air quality during emergencies are analyzed.
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    Modern means of assessing the impact of emergencies on the environmental condition of the ground layer of atmosphere
    (Web of Conferences, 2021) Turevych, Anastasiia; Madzhd, Svitlana; Cherniak, Larysa; Pavlyuk, Anatoliy; Ojeh, Vincent
    The problem of emergencies will not leave humanity as long as it exists, and therefore it is necessary to at least create conditions under which it is possible to reduce the risks of injuries, diseases and deaths of people who are in the emergency zone. This can be achieved by raising awareness of the nature of the emergency, the hazardous substances that are released in connection with it. Theoretical analysis of various remote means of assessing the impact of emergencies of man-made areas on the ecological state of the atmospheric air of the surrounding areas. It has been found that the use of remote sensing equipment greatly simplifies the procedure of operational monitoring of the environment during emergencies, as well as contributes to the health of professionals. A comparison of different remote means of environmental monitoring of air quality was performed: In particular, stationary automatic stations, mobile automatic stations, probes, and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) were compared. It is proposed to use UAVs as remote means of operational monitoring of air quality. The functional scheme of UAV system implementation for the needs of operative ecological monitoring is offered. The legal features of the use of unmanned aerial vehicles as remote means of monitoring air quality during emergencies are analyzed.
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    The assessment of the filling stations impact on the environment
    (National Aviation University, 2020) Cherniak, Larysa; Radomska, Margaryta; Madzhd, Svitlana; Hryb, Alina; Pavliukh, Lesia
    The work is devoted to the environmental impacts of the filling station. Authors have shown that of pollutants, emitted from the filling station, are toxic substances, which often cause irreversible damage to the organism, including functional and system disorders, acute and chronic non-specific and specific effects. The analysis of soil acidity at typical gas stations was carried out, as well as sumpling in the area of filling stations operation. For determination the soils acidity samples were taken at 8 filling stations. Most of the analyzed sites have a soil reaction close to neutral, indicating the presence of pollution with petrochemicals. The drilling results show that there is a serious factor of soil pollution in the operation of filling station. As a result of the analysis of possible impacts at the filling station, recommendations were made for reducing their
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    The usage of plant test systems for the determination of phytotoxicity of contaminated with petroleum products soil
    (Journal of Ecological Engineering, 2021) Cherniak, Larysa; Mikhyeyev, Oleksandr; Madzhd, Svitlana; Lapan, Oksana; Dmytrukha, Tetyana; Korniienko, Iryna
    The level of phytotoxicity of the soil samples artificially contaminated with the aviation kerosene was determined in the work. The dependences of the growth characteristics of the plant test system (flax) on the excess of the approximate permissible concentrations (APC) of the oil product concentration in the soil were identified. The change in the mass of raw material depending on the level of aviation kerosene contamination of soil samples was determined. A decrease in the plant growth activity with an increase in the content of aviation fuel in the soil was established. It was found that there is a hormesis effect at certain concentrations of aviation kerosene in the soil. The comparison of the concentration dependences of the action of petroleum products on the growth rates of seedlings and their dependence on the distance to the source of pollution allowed in the latter case to conduct a kind of “dosimetry” on exposure concentrations when the petroleum product concentration was not determined.
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    Water Purification from Ions of Cadmium (II) Using a Bio-Plateau
    (Journal of Ecological Engineering, 2019) Lapan, Oksana; Mikhyeyev, Oleksandr; Madzhd, Svitlana; Dmytrukha, Tetyana; Cherniak, Larysa; Petrusenko, Valentyna
    The study was conducted with the purpose of experimentally developing the method of water purification from ions of cadmium (II) using a new design of a bio-plateau, which is based on the use of terrestrial plants. In order to construct the bio–plateau, the following chemically inert floating materials were used as the substrate: perlite, expanded clay, granular foam, vermiculite, cork, on top of which the seeds of higher terrestrial plants were placed. The experimental data showed that foam was the best of the tested substrates, and of plants – barley, oats, corn and rye. The constructed bio-plateau was placed into tanks with a solution of cadmium on the 9th day of incubation to study the cleaning efficiency of terrestrial plants on the aquatic environment. Determination of the residual concentration of cadmium was performed with the method of AAC at λ=228.8. As a result, it was found that rye showed the best sorption properties of the tested plants. The influence of additional aeration and pH of the medium on the degree of water purification was established. The highest treatment efficiency was observed in the variant of a bio-plateau with aeration and at a pH of 8–9. The study shows the possibility of using terrestrial plants for the phytoremediation of water bodies.
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    Вивчення впливу гіпертермічної обробки насіння салату та хімічного забруднення ґрунту на ростові показники проростків
    (Кременчуцький національний університет імені Михайла Остроградського, 2021) Черняк, Лариса; Міхєєв, Олександр; Маджд, Світлана; Дмитруха, Тетяна; Лапань, Оксана; Cherniak, Larysa; Mikhyeyev, Oleksandr; Madzhd, Svitlana; Dmitrukha, Tetayna; Lapan, Oksana
    Роботу присвячено встановленню впливу гіпертермічної обробки насіння салату та хімічного забруднення у ґрунті на ростові показники проростків. Зокрема, визначено рівень впливу декількох факторів на ростові харак-теристики салату, що використовується для біотестування ґрунту, забрудненого нафтопродуктами. У роботі досліджено вплив гіпертермічної обробки насіння салату насіння салату та хімічного забруднення ґрунту на ростові показники проростків. У якості хімічного забруднення використано авіаційний керосин у різній конце-нтрації по відношенню до орієнтовно допустимої концентрації вмісту нафтопродуктів у ґрунті. У результаті аналізу отриманих нами експериментальних даних встановлено, що для мінімальної концент-рації нафтопродукту у ґрунті, що використовувалась при досліджені (1 ОДК для авіаційного керосину), мож-лива сенсибілізуюча дія додаткового впливу іншого за своєю природою фактору – гіпертермії. А також, вияв-лено стимулюючу дія нафтопродукту на ростові характеристики біотесту, за певних концентрацій у ґрунті. Ця обставина потребує вдосконалення практики визначення ОДК, оскільки в реальних умовах об’єкти піддаються дії комплексу факторів, негативна дія яких може взаємопідсилюватись.
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    Використання математичного планування експерименту для кількісної оцінки методу фіторемедіаційного відновлення ґрунтів, забруднених нафтопродуктами
    (Дніпровський державний технічний університет, 2023) Черняк, Лариса Миколаївна; Міхєєв, Олександр Миколайович; Маджд, Світлана Михайлівна; Дмитруха, Тетяна Іллівна; Петрусенко, Валентина Павлівна; Лапань, Оксана Володимирівна; Cherniak, Larysa; Mikhyeyev, Olexandr; Madzhd, Svitlana; Dmytrukha, Tetiana; Petrusenko, Valentyna; Lapan, Oksana
    У статті наведено результати дослідження якості відновлення ґрунтів на основі методу фіторемедіації. Проаналізовано негативний та позитивний впливи цього методу відновлення ґрунтів, забруднених нафтопродуктами, на основі двофакторного аналізу експерименту. Наведено залежності цих впливів у вигляді регресійних рівняь для досліджуваних проб ґрунту.
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    Розроблення гідрофітної споруди типу біоплато для цілей фіторемедіації
    (Національна академія наук України, 2022) Міхєєв, Олександр Миколайович; Лапань, Оксана Владимировна; Маджд, Світлана Михайлівна; Черняк, Лариса Миколаївна; Mikhyeyev, Oleksandr; Lapan, Oksana; Madzhd, Svitlana; Cherniak, Larysa
    Розроблено плавучу конструкцію біоплато, біотичною складовою якої є наземні рослини, для очищення водних об’єктів від токсичних речовин. Для конструювання біоплато як субстрат використано інертні в хімічному відношенні плавучі матеріали: перліт, керамзит, гранульований пінопласт, вермикуліт, коркову пробку. У результаті випробування субстратів з’ясовано, що найбільш оптимальним у використанні є гранульований пінополістирол (полістирол). Дослідження різних варіантів пророщування насіння в конструкції біоплато показало, що його розміщення поверх субстрату є найкращим варіантом. Для оптимізації гідрофітної споруди використовували сітку, що дало змогу збільшити загальну щільність біоплато. Проведено порівняльне дослідження ефективності очищення водного середовища від іонів радіоцезію біоплато з рослинами пшениці різного сорту. Підтверджено, що ефективність сорбції наземними рослинами іонів 137Cs залежить від природи і концентрації макрокатіонів у водному середовищі.
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    Стійкість математичної моделі екосистеми на прикладі екосистеми схилів
    (Кременчуцький національний університет імені Михайла Остроградського, 2021) Петрусенко, Валентина; Дмитруха, Тетяна; Маджд, Світлана; Черняк, Лариса; Лапань, Оксана; Petrusenko, Valentyna; Dmitrukha, Tetayna; Madzhd, Svitlana; Cherniak, Larysa; Lapan, Oksana
    В даній статті розглянута математична модель динамічної екосистеми схилів на предмет перерозподілу ра- діонукліда у ній. Для цього було складено математичний опис переносу забруднювача у вигляді системи диференціальних рівнянь зі сталими коефіцієнтами для обраної типової екосистеми. При створенні даної моделі за основу було взято метод камерних моделей переходу радіонуклідів із камери в камеру. Взаємодія між каме- рами у такому випадку задається за допомогою коефіцієнтів переходу радіонуклідів із камери в камеру за оди- ницю часу в одну годину. Проведений аналіз цієї системи на стійкість даної моделі. Чисельним методом визна- чений вплив параметрів системи на рівень радіаційного забруднення. У результаті проведеного дослідження показано, що для всіх додатних значень коефіцієнтів системи, вона залишається стійкою до збурення початко- вих умов. Таким чином, дана модель може виступати зручним інструментом для аналізу екологічних процесів у будь-якій екосистемі з наступним застосуванням певних контрзаходів.