ПОРІВНЯЛЬНИЙ АНАЛІЗ ПОЕТИКИ ТА МОТИВІВ В УКРАЇНСЬКИХ ТА ТУРЕЦЬКИХ НАРОДНИХ КАЗКАХ

Abstract

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF POETICS AND MOTIVES IN UKRAINIAN AND TURKISH FOLK TALES The work compares the Ukrainian folk tales about animals and fairy tales with Turkish folk tales on the basis of the structural-semantic approach. The texts of fairy tales with similar motifs are analyzed and general and distinctive features in the structure and poetics of the genre are explored. Both in Ukrainian and Turkish folklore, an important place is occupied by fairy tales about animals. The article shows that the texts of fairy tales about animals in both nations have a traditional form of origin. The content of the fairy tale in both nations, as a rule, is expressed through an adventure, which is tied at the beginning of the work, has a logical development and a denouement at the end. The traditional ending formula is not inherent in either Ukrainian or Turkish animal tales. The fairy tale ends with the denouement of the conflict, which is clearly expressed at the beginning of the work. Like Ukrainian folk tales about animals, and Turkish fairy tales are characterized by the presence of social elements, expository orientation and instructive entertaining function. Animals can act as sisters (foxy-sister), brother (wolf-brother), fellow sponsors (fox-fellow sponsor), etc. A very common character in both nations is a fox. As a rule, this animal is the personification of a cunning and insidious hero. The fox can find a way out of any situation and personal gain, distorting it, it deceives animals, birds and people in Ukrainian ("About the cunning fox", "Fox-birthday-girl", "Fox in the judges") and Turkish fairy tales ("Testimony of the fox" ("Tilkinin Şahitliği"), "Fox and the bear with a cunning farmer" ("Kurnaz Çiftçi ile Ayı ve Tilki") and so on. The motif of tricks is the key in most both Ukrainian and Turkish fairy tales, where the image of a fox appears. The motifs of the Turkish fairy tale "Testimony of the fox" and the Ukrainian folk tale "The Cat and the Cock" are analyzed in the work, as well as a comparative analysis of the motifs of fairy tales: Turkish - "Mutiny daughter of the Padishah" ("Padişahın Konuşamayan Kızı"), "Padishah's Dream" (« Padişahın Rüyası") and Ukrainian ones -" The King's daughter and the snake "," The King's daughter and artist". Comparative analysis of the texts made it possible to identify similar motifs in the tales of two nations and analyze the poetics of the genre.

У роботі здійснено порівняльний аналіз українських народних казок про тварин та чарівних казок з турецькими народними казками на основі структурно-семантичного підходу. Проаналізовано тексти казок зі схожими мотивами та досліджено спільні та відмінні особливості в структурі та поетиці жанру.