Investigation of magnetic field

Abstract

Earth's magnetic field – is a field around our planet, where there are magnetic forces. Magnetic field is characterized by intensity vector. Intensity vector “T” is the sum of the vectors strengths of several fields: The main magnetic field (dipole uniform) is formed by electric currents in the earth's core, the magnetization of the upper layers of the earth creates a so-called continental field, ferromagnetic ore unevenly located in the earth's surface create local anomalous, magnetic fields that distort the main field of the Earth. Typically, the vector T is estimated from its projections, on the NED coordinate system (Mx, My, Mz components). Also important two angles: declination and inclination, which indicated position of intensity vector in space, horizontal H and vertical Z components indicate intensity of T. Declination is positive for an eastward deviation of the field relative to true north. It can be estimated by comparing the magnetic north/south heading on a compass with the direction of a celestial pole. The inclination is given by an angle that can assume values between -90° (up) to 90° (down). In the northern hemisphere, the field points downwards. It is straight down at the North Magnetic Pole and rotates upwards as the latitude decreases until it is horizontal (0°) at the magnetic equator.